1、列數(shù)據(jù)(raising figures)

句型：

As is reported/ investigated/ researched, …

It is reported that …

A recent research conducted by …Bureau reveals that…

列數(shù)據(jù)的寫作方法較講道理更有說(shuō)服力,但是這就需要我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)生活中多做積累才能應(yīng)付列舉考試中出現(xiàn)的各個(gè)話題的一些相關(guān)數(shù)字.

雅思考試中的數(shù)據(jù)其實(shí)可以分成兩大類,一類是有科學(xué)依據(jù)的,明確記載的數(shù)據(jù),如一些新聞事件,四川地災(zāi)、公交車自燃等的死亡或受傷人數(shù),這些都是詢 的,如若考生對(duì)這些數(shù)據(jù)沒(méi)有切實(shí)的把握就不需列舉.另一類是指一些調(diào)查報(bào)告的數(shù)據(jù),如大學(xué)生平均一天花多少時(shí)間自習(xí),初中生平均一天花多少時(shí)間玩電腦游戲 等,這類數(shù)據(jù)無(wú)據(jù)可依,考生完全可以自己根據(jù)論證內(nèi)容給出數(shù)據(jù),但一定要符合邏輯.我們通過(guò)一例來(lái)使用列數(shù)據(jù)的雅思寫作方法：

Eg.The retired people tend to offer service for the benefits of the family and the community.

要對(duì)這樣一個(gè)topic sentence做列數(shù)據(jù)的擴(kuò)展,我們首先要找到可列數(shù)據(jù)的點(diǎn),此題有兩處,一是退休老人的年齡,二是所花時(shí)間.結(jié)合上述句型,得出論證過(guò)程如下：

As is reported, the average time that the retired within the age group above 65 spend on the family and the community is at its length of about 5 hours per day.

2、比較(contrast &comparison)

在雅思大作文的寫作中,考生可以拿相同或相反的事物做比較,相同關(guān)系叫對(duì)照(comparison),相反關(guān)系叫對(duì)比(contrast).此類論證我們重點(diǎn)掌握一些對(duì)比對(duì)照關(guān)系的連詞：

In contrast, by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas

Likewise, similarly

3、引用(quotation)

在雅思大作文寫作論證的過(guò)程中,表達(dá)一些觀點(diǎn)的時(shí)候,如果能拿名人名言來(lái)進(jìn)行論證則更有說(shuō)服力,說(shuō)明某位名人的觀點(diǎn)和你的觀點(diǎn)是達(dá)成一致,形成共鳴的. 但引用要求考生要有相當(dāng)大的積累,由于備考時(shí)間緊迫,此類論證可以少用.此外,專家提醒考生要緊記,引用名人名言就意味著引用別人的觀點(diǎn),所以只要引兩到三句起到論證自己觀點(diǎn)的作用的話就可以了,點(diǎn)到為止,而不像中文寫作中那樣,引用越多越好.

4、讓步(making concession)

讓步的論證是中國(guó)考生較陌生的一個(gè)概念,其實(shí)在學(xué)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),我們就學(xué)過(guò)讓步的關(guān)系,先退一步承認(rèn)一個(gè)與自己觀點(diǎn)相反的事實(shí),再轉(zhuǎn)折給出自己的觀點(diǎn),否定前者.句型如下：

Although/ though/ in spite of the fact that …

As is granted/ Admittedly, …

Opponents would argue that …

舉個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子,一個(gè)男生向女生告白,被女生拒絕,她就會(huì)委婉的用讓步的論證來(lái)表達(dá)自己的想法,她會(huì)先承認(rèn)男生的一些優(yōu)點(diǎn),再轉(zhuǎn)折說(shuō)自己并不喜歡他.這 樣既能表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn),又不至于傷害對(duì)方.讓步這種方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)為能較全面的看待一個(gè)問(wèn)題,而且反駁更能有的放矢.具體例子如下：

Eg. People don not believe that saving money is a good idea in modern society.

這個(gè)Topic sentence的觀點(diǎn)很明確,存錢在當(dāng)代社會(huì)不是好主意,顯然,用讓步論證的話,我們要先承認(rèn)存錢的優(yōu)點(diǎn),再根據(jù)所列有點(diǎn)進(jìn)行反駁.

As is granted, saving money offers people a sense of security in case of emergency. However, people tend to believe that wise investment can get more profits.